Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters

Vertical dense effluent discharges are popular in outfall system designs. jets provide the opportunity to be efficient for a range of ambient currents, where jet is pushed away so as not fall on itself. This study focuses worst-case scenario dilution and mixing such jets: vertical with no current, shallow water, impinges water surface. provides conservative design criteria systems. The numerical modelling has been investigated before this novel insights into simulations waters. Turbulent Froude numbers ranging from 9 24 were simulated using OpenFOAM. A Reynolds stress model (RSM) was applied characterize geometrical (i.e., maximum discharge rise Zm lateral spread Rsp) μmin properties jets. Three flow regimes reproduced numerically, based experimental data: deep, intermediate, impinging regimes.